DIgestible ENZYME IN Aquaculture
A. Overview
Enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts, participating in important biochemical processes in the animal's body. In aquaculture, the enzymes that have received the most attention are Amylase, Cellulase, Lipase, and Protease.
B. Types of Digestive enzymes
1. Amylase
Structure of α-amylase (Source by Wikipedia).
Amylase is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of starch into sugars. Amylase exists 3 types, in which the two most common enzymes commonly used in hydrolysis are α-amylase and β-amylase, the other is γ-Amylase. Besides, they have the effect of decomposing starchy ingredients to help animals absorb better.
2. Cellulase
Cellulase is an enzyme that breaks down cellulose molecules into monosaccharides (simple sugars) such as beta-glucose, or into shorter polysaccharides and oligosaccharides. Cellulase is produced mainly from fungi, bacteria and protozoa, operating at an optimal pH of 4-5, a temperature of 45-50.
Structure of Enzyme Cellulase. Souce by Internet
However, the activity is completely lost at 80 within 10-15 minutes. They are divided into 3 categories
· 1,4-β-D-glucancellobiohydrolase (EC 3.2.1.91)
· 1,4-β-D-glucanhydrolase (EC 3.2.1.4)
· β-D- glucoside glucohydrolase (EC 3.2.1.21)
In aquaculture ponds, they have the effect of decomposing dead algae, helping to maintain better water color.
3. Protease
Structure of Enzyme Protease. (Internet)
Protease is a catalyst that hydrolyzes proteins (proteins) to form low molecules and amino acids, making it easier for animals to absorb nutrients. Because of this property, this is considered one of the enzymes that have the most impact on the growth of livestock. Depending on their active pH limit, they are divided into 3 types:
· Protease acid: pH 2-4
· Protease trung tính: 7-8
· Protease kiềm: 9-11.
4. Lipase
Structure of Enzyme Lipase. (Internet)
Lipase is an enzyme that hydrolyzes ester bonds, yielding fatty acids and glycerol as end products. Lipase belongs to the group of hydrolase enzymes. The activity of this enzyme helps animals better absorb the fatty acids in the feed ingredients.
C.
Depending on the source of the extract and the enzyme composition, their effects will be different. However, in aquaculture ponds, an effective enzyme complex will have the following effects:
- Promotes the breakdown of feed ingredients into more digestible substances, helping animals maximize the ability to absorb nutrients from food.
- Promotes the decomposition of organic matter that takes place inside the pond such as dead algae, leftover food, shrimp manure... Helps reduce toxic gas, limit oxygen consumption, stabilize water color. Contribute to creating the best environment for shrimp and fish to grow.
Stages needing enzyme supplementation
The pet stage is young: At this time, the structure and function of the animal's digestive system is not fully developed, it is necessary to supplement with enzymes for the animal to absorb nutrients better.
The stage of using antibiotics to treat diseases: Most of the time, the introduction of antibiotics into the body of aquatic animals is through the feeding route, but at this stage, the animals are especially weak, so mixing the enzyme at this stage is real. the need for optimal treatment effect
The stage of just recovering from the disease: The animal's body now needs to absorb nutrients to recover growth after a period of being weakened by the disease.
Adverse environment and pets show poor appetite, stop eating: At this time, the animal's body is in a sensitive period to external agents, it is necessary to add enzymes to support the digestive function of the pet. as well as decomposing excess food, limiting the risk of disease.
Using specific enzymes in combination with microbial products is a long-term, sustainable direction to both create quality seafood products and limit negative impacts on the environment. And more importantly, these two factors help increase long-term profits for farmers.
Key: Enzyme, Amylase, Cellulase, Lipase, Protesea.
